The Promising Role of Cold Laser Therapy in Managing Back, Disc, and Neck Pain: A Research Overview

As a chiropractor in Adelaide, it is pivotal to stay abreast with innovative and effective treatments for musculoskeletal pain.

Cold laser therapy, also known as low level laser therapy (LLLT) or photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), is increasingly being recognised for its role in alleviating chronic pain conditions without the invasive measures that often accompany alternative treatments.

Let's explore  the research and uncover the compelling evidence supporting this therapeutic approach.

The Science Behind Cold Laser Therapy

Cold laser therapy, also referred to as low level laser therapy (LLLT) or photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), involves the application of low-intensity laser light directly to the surface of the skin.

Unlike surgical or high-intensity aesthetic lasers, cold lasers do not generate heat or physically alter or damage the tissue. Instead, the laser light penetrates the skin's layers to reach the targeted area of pain or injury.

This light energy is absorbed by the cells, which stimulates various cellular processes. Specifically, it enhances cellular metabolism and increases the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of the cell. This surge in cellular energy facilitates repair processes and regeneration of the damaged tissues.

Additionally, cold laser therapy improves local blood circulation, which helps in delivering more oxygen and nutrients to the affected cells and removing waste products, thereby reducing inflammation and promoting a natural healing response.

Efficacy of Cold Laser Therapy in Treating Musculoskeletal Pain

A comprehensive review conducted by James Carroll, published in the Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences, underscores the growing body of evidence surrounding the effectiveness of low level laser therapy (LLLT) or photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in treating musculoskeletal pain.

Carroll's review highlights the existence of approximately 500 randomized clinical trials and around 4,000 laboratory studies that have explored the effects and benefits of LLLT/PBMT.

These studies indicate the therapy's potential in managing a variety of conditions, particularly musculoskeletal disorders such as pain in the back, discs, and neck (Carroll, J. (2018).

Benefits of Cold Laser Therapy for Back and Disc Pain

Cold laser therapy has been shown to significantly reduce inflammation and alleviate pain associated with back and disc conditions. By facilitating the repair processes in soft tissues and nerves, this therapy provides much-needed relief from the discomfort of back and disc ailments.

A systematic review published in The Lancet lends support to these findings, highlighting the positive impact of cold laser therapy on chronic lower back pain. The study emphasizes improvements in pain relief and enhanced physical function among patients (Glazov et al., 2016)

This evidence supports the integration of cold laser therapy as a non-invasive option for those suffering from persistent back and disc pain.

Addressing Neck Pain with Cold Laser Therapy

Neck pain, often resulting from poor posture and muscle strain, is a common concern that cold laser therapy can address effectively. LLLT has been demonstrated to offer relief from neck pain while simultaneously improving neck mobility and overall functionality.

A meta-analysis published in the British Medical Journal provides compelling evidence of these benefits. It reveals that patients undergoing LLLT experienced significant improvements in both pain reduction and range of motion compared to patients receiving placebo treatments (Chow, R.T., et al. (2009).

These results affirm cold laser therapy as a valuable intervention for patients dealing with persistent neck discomfort.

Mechanisms of Action

The underlying mechanism of cold laser therapy involves photobiomodulation, where the laser light penetrates tissue and initiates a series of biological responses at the cellular level. This increases the production of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which provides the energy needed for cellular repair processes. Moreover, it enhances microcirculation, reducing inflammation and promoting tissue repair.

Integrating Cold Laser Therapy in Chiropractic Practice

For chiropractors, integrating cold laser therapy into practice offers a non-invasive, effective modality for treating various pain conditions. It can be particularly beneficial for patients who may not be suitable for, or are apprehensive about, more intrusive forms of treatment.

Conclusion

Cold laser therapy stands as a promising option for managing chronic musculoskeletal pain. Its efficacy in reducing pain and inflammation while promoting tissue repair makes it a valuable addition to treatment strategies for conditions such as back, disc, and neck pain.

As research continues to evolve, incorporating evidence-based treatments like cold laser therapy can enhance patient outcomes in chiropractic practice.

References

Carroll, J. (2018). Low Level Laser Therapy/Photobiomodulation Therapy Mechanisms of Action, Clinical Evidence and Dose Rate Effects. Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences.

Glazov, G., Yelland, M., & Emery, J. (2016). Low-Level Laser Therapy for Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain: A Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials. Acupuncture in Medicine, 34(5), 328–341. https://doi.org/10.1136/acupmed-2015-011036

Chow, R. T., Johnson, M. I., Lopes-Martins, R. A., & Bjordal, J. M. (2009). Efficacy of low-level laser therapy in the management of neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo or active-treatment controlled trials. The Lancet, 374(9705), 1897–1908. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61522-1